| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Arya Samaj in Suriname ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Arya Samaj in Suriname
Suriname has possibly the highest proportion of Hindus who are Arya Samajis, compared to any other country. In Suriname, the Hindu population had split, with roughly 20% following the teachings of Swami Dayanand Saraswati, founder of the Ārya Samāj, and 80% following the Sanatan Dharm.〔Guyana has a large percentage of Arya Samajis either, see further: ; Freek L. Bakker, ''Hindoes in een creoolse wereld'', Zoetermeer: Meinema 1999, p. 20-22.〕 Today the number of Ārya Samājĩs is probably some 29,300.〔According to the census of 2012 Suriname counts 534,189 inhabitants; the ''CIA World Factbook'' assumes that the Hindus form 27,4 % of the population, which means that there are 146,368 Hindus in the country; Joop G. Vernooij beliefs that 20 % of them adheres to the Ārya Samāj (http://atjoni.com/nieuws/suriname/abs-presenteert-voorlopige-cijfers-census-2012/; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ns.html; Joop G. Vernooij, ‘Een religieuze kaart van Suriname’, ''Interactie'' 2 (1994), Paramaribo: Bisdom Paramaribo, p. 61.).〕 The arrival of Arya Samaj preachers in Suriname, in 1929, caused a rift in the Hindu community, between the followers of Sanatan Dharm and the Ārya Samāj.〔Freek L. Bakker, ''Hindoes in een creoolse wereld'', Zoetermeer: Meinema 1999, p. 100-103.〕
== History ==
The Ārya Samāj was initially established in Suriname in 1911, when Professor Bhai Parmānand, a Vedic missionary from India, visited the West Indies. Various local Ārya Samāj associations were established in the Surinamese villages in these years.〔Freek L. Bakker, ''Hindoes in een creoolse wereld'', Zoetermeer: Meinema 1999, p. 100-102; Bris Mahabier and Chan Choenni, ''Arya Samaj in Suriname en Nederland'', Zoetermeer: Prasne 2009, p. 10-25.〕 The arrival of another preacher from India, Pandit Mehtā Jaimīnī, on 15 June 1929, led to the formation of an umbrella organisation, the Arya Dewakar Maha Sabha, or in Dutch the ''Vereniging Arya Dewaker'' on 29 September 1929. Mostly the organisation is briefly called Arya Dewaker. Arya Dewaker means 'Aryan Sun'. On 5 February 1930, the organisation was registered as a religious body. In 1932 Arya Dewaker started the training of Vedic priests and on 28 October 1933 it opened an orphanage and boarding school named Swami Dayanand Orphanage.〔Freek L. Bakker, ''Hindoes in een creoolse wereld'', Zoetermeer: Meinema 1999, p. 102-104; Hoofdbestuur Arya Dewaker, ''Gedenkboek ter gelegenheid van de opening van het Multi-functioneel Centrum en Hoofdmandir'', Paramaribo: Arya Dewaker 2001, p. 7-8.〕
The emergence of the Ārya Samāj caused much trouble between the adherents of the new movement, referred to as Ārya Samājīs, and the followers of the Sanātan Dharm, who wished to remain loyal to the tradition of their ancestors. There were fierce debates and sometimes even fights between them. However, according to the Surinamese Muslim East-Indian Rahmat Khan the two parties found each other in attacking together a new enemy in 1933.〔C.J.M. de Klerk, ''De immigratie der Hindostanen in Suriname'', The Hague: Amrit, 2nd edition 1998, vol. 2, p. 195; Sandew Hira (ed.), ''Het dagboek van Munshi Rahmat Khan'', The Hague: Amrit / Paramaribo: NSHI 2003, p. 289-305.〕 Now they started to organise joint actions against the Muslims, because they slaughtered cows, animals the Hindus regard as very holy. In the end the actions resulted in a boycott of Muslims by the Hindus. It was not before 1943 that the boycott was stopped.〔Sandew Hira (ed.), ''Het dagboek van Munshi Rahmat Khan'', The Hague: Amrit / Paramaribo: NSHI 2003, p. 289-346. see also: C.J.M. de Klerk, ''De immigratie der Hindostanen in Suriname'', The Hague: Amrit, 2nd edition 1998, vol. 2, p. 197; Ellen Bal and Kathinka Sinha-Kerkhoff, 'Separated by the Partition? Muslims of British Indian Descent in Mauritius and Suriname', in: Gijsbert Oonk (ed.), ''Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory'', Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press 2007, p. 136-137.〕 However, according to Ellen Bal and Kathinka Sinha Kerkhoff 'the movement was not very widespread' and 'did not encompass all the members of the two groups'.〔Ellen Bal and Kathinka Sinha-Kerkhoff, 'Separated by the Partition? Muslims of British Indian Descent in Mauritius and Suriname', in: Gijsbert Oonk (ed.), ''Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory'', Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press 2007, p. 137.〕
In 1936 Arya Dewaker built a temple, but it lasted until 1947 before the house of worship was officially inaugurated.〔The memorial book published at the 50th anniversary of Arya Dewaker recounts that the first temple was built in 1948, but the memorial book published at the opening of the new ''mandir'' in 2001 reports that this house of worship was constructed already in 1936. See: Website ''Geheugen van Nederland'', http://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/?/nl/items/SURI01:H95_569PL23, accessed 30 April 2012; Bestuur Arya Dewaker, ''50 Jaar Arya Dewaker in kort bestek, 1929-1979'', Paramaribo: Arya Dewaker 1979, p. 20; Freek L. Bakker, ''Hindoes in een creoolse wereld'', Zoetermeer: Meinema 1999, p. 46-47; Hoofdbestuur Arya Dewaker, ''Gedenkboek ter gelegenheid van de opening van het Multi-functioneel Centrum en Hoofdmandir'', Paramaribo: Arya Dewaker 2001, p. 8.〕 One year later, in 1948, the organisation established the Arya Mahila Samaj (Arya Women's Society), which assisted in the orphanage and in Vedic preaching. In the same year the first female ''pandit'' was ordained. And in 1958 a second orphanage was built.〔Bestuur Arya Dewaker, ''50 Jaar Arya Dewaker in kort bestek, 1929-1979'', Paramaribo: Arya Dewaker 1979, p. 13-24; Freek L. Bakker, ''Hindoes in een creoolse wereld'', Zoetermeer: Meinema 1999, p. 102-104.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Arya Samaj in Suriname」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|